Quick Read. This batch adds 25 African capital and counter-capital nodes to the world city graph. It deliberately includes official capitals, seats of government, economic capitals, river twins, port gateways, landlocked command cities and small-state capitals so “capital city” does not collapse into one false template.

25 new city nodes

• Algiers → Algeria
• Porto-Novo ↔ Cotonou → Benin
• Gaborone → Botswana
• Ouagadougou → Burkina Faso
• Gitega ↔ Bujumbura → Burundi
• Yaoundé → Cameroon
• Bangui → Central African Republic
• N’Djamena → Chad
• Moroni → Comoros
• Kinshasa → DRC
• Brazzaville → Republic of the Congo
• Yamoussoukro ↔ Abidjan → Côte d’Ivoire
• Djibouti City → Djibouti
• Malabo → Equatorial Guinea
• Asmara → Eritrea
• Addis Ababa → Ethiopia
• Libreville → Gabon
• Banjul → The Gambia
• Accra → Ghana
• Conakry → Guinea
• Bissau → Guinea-Bissau
• Maseru → Lesotho

Spider routes

Each city routes upward to its sovereign-country article and outward to the world city/capital hubs. Counter-capital pairs are linked directly rather than made to compete for one “capital” slot.

Web routes

• Split-function capitals: Porto-Novo ↔ Cotonou; Gitega ↔ Bujumbura; Yamoussoukro ↔ Abidjan.
• Cross-border river capitals: Kinshasa ↔ Brazzaville.
• Resource-funded capitals: Gaborone ↔ Libreville ↔ Malabo ↔ Brazzaville.
• Small-state / island capitals: Moroni ↔ Banjul ↔ Bissau.
• Sahel / landlocked corridors: Ouagadougou ↔ N’Djamena.
• Highland capitals: Asmara ↔ Addis Ababa ↔ Maseru.
• West African coastal gateways: Cotonou ↔ Accra ↔ Abidjan ↔ Conakry ↔ Bissau.

Hidden routes

• Addis Ababa ↔ Djibouti City: landlocked continental command depends on a small coastal gateway.
• Kinshasa ↔ Brazzaville: extreme physical proximity does not imply one labour, legal or infrastructure system.
• Malabo ↔ Maseru: one capital is separated from much of its country by sea; the other is embedded inside another country’s geography. Both reveal that national space can be topologically unusual.
• Porto-Novo ↔ Yamoussoukro: formal capital status can coexist with much stronger commercial gravity elsewhere.

Deep routes

Use the batch to traverse split-capital systems, port capitals, river capitals, resource-funded capitals, small-state capitals and capital-city failure.

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