小学四年级英语词汇表:100词中英双语 | Primary 4 English Vocabulary
中文是入口,不是终点 | Chinese Is the Gateway, Not the Destination
这页的任务不是把英语单词永久变成“英文 = 中文翻译”的配对表。对华语家庭来说,中文可以先帮助孩子快速进入概念;但真正的英语词汇掌握,最终应该让孩子看到 English word → concept → context → natural use,而不是每一次都先翻译成中文。
Primary 4 双语学习路线:
中文概念入口 → simple English meaning → Fence 近义词辨析 → word family 词族 → collocation 自然搭配 → context 语境推断 → English-only retrieval 英文检索 → transfer 迁移 → gradually remove Chinese support 逐步撤掉中文提示
MOE并没有公布一个全国统一的“P4必背100词”或固定必背词数。本页的100词和双语训练是教学资源;真正要观察的是孩子能否理解、辨析、检索,并把英语词汇带进新的阅读、口语和写作任务。
为什么Primary 4不能只靠中文翻译?
- 一个中文词可能对应多个英语词。 “看”可以是 look, glance, gaze, stare, inspect, observe,每个词的动作目的、时间和态度不同。
- 一个英语词也可能有多个语境意义。 charge 可以表示收费,也可以表示猛冲;必须靠语境判断。
- 英语有自己的自然搭配。 即使中文意思对,英文搭配也可能不自然,例如 reach a conclusion,而不是逐字翻译。
- 词族会改变语法位置。 predict / prediction / predictable 不是三个互不相关的单词。
- Primary 4开始需要解释“为什么这个词更准确”。 这需要英文语义边界,而不是单一中文对照。
双语 Fencing:10组最容易被中文压平的英语区别
| 中文入口 | English Fence | 真正要学的边界 |
|---|---|---|
| 担心 / 犹豫 | worried → anxious / reluctant / cautious | worried/anxious 主要是担忧;reluctant 是不太愿意做;cautious 是愿意做但小心风险。 |
| 看 | look / glance / gaze / inspect / observe | glance 短暂;gaze 持续看;inspect 为检查而仔细看;observe 为了解/记录而认真观察。 |
| 证据 / 相关 | evidence / relevant / accurate / credible | evidence 是支持/检验的资料;relevant 是与问题直接相关;accurate 是正确;credible 是值得相信。正确资料也可能不相关。 |
| 改变 | adjust / modify / restore / transform | adjust 小调整;modify 有控制地改变一部分;restore 恢复原状;transform 大幅改变形态/功能。 |
| 观点 | opinion / viewpoint / perspective | opinion 是个人判断;viewpoint 是立场;perspective 更强调看事情的角度/背景。 |
| 保持 / 保护 | maintain / preserve / conserve | maintain 维持状态;preserve 防止有价值的东西损坏/消失;conserve 避免资源不必要的损耗。 |
| 结果 / 影响 | result / outcome / impact / consequence | result/outcome 是结果;impact 强调影响;consequence 常强调由行动带来的后果。 |
| 帮助 / 支持 | help / support / encourage / reassure | help 泛指帮助;support 提供持续支持;encourage 增加信心/动力;reassure 用可信的信息减少担忧。 |
| 说明 | describe / explain / clarify / elaborate | describe 说“是什么样”;explain 说“怎样/为什么”;clarify 消除不清楚;elaborate 增加有用细节。 |
| 推断 / 猜 | guess / infer / deduce / predict | guess 可以证据很少;infer/deduce 要从线索得出结论;predict 是根据资料预测未来。 |
一个世界级双语 Vocabulary Card 应该有什么?
| Layer | Example: relevant | 学习目的 |
|---|---|---|
| English word | relevant | 英文词形成为主要检索入口 |
| 中文入口 | 相关的;与当前问题直接有关 | 快速进入概念,不是最终定义 |
| Simple English meaning | directly connected to the question or purpose | 建立英文概念 |
| Fence | relevant ≠ accurate | 防止把“相关”误当成“正确” |
| Word family | relevance, irrelevant | 建立词族与前缀意识 |
| Collocation | relevant evidence; relevant detail | 学自然英文搭配 |
| English example | The colour of the pot is accurate information, but it is not relevant to why the plant wilted. | 在完整语境中理解 |
| Misuse | “Relevant means true.” | 用错误暴露语义边界 |
| Transfer | Find the relevant information in a Maths word problem. | 把概念带到新学科 |
词族 Morphology:不要把每个形式当成新单词
| Anchor | Family | 中文提示 | 英文任务 |
|---|---|---|---|
| relevant | relevance, irrelevant | 相关 → 相关性 → 不相关 | Choose adjective or noun by grammar. |
| predict | prediction, predictable, unpredictable | 预测 → 预测结果 → 可/不可预测 | Science + reading forecast language. |
| perceive | perception, perceptive | 察觉/理解 → 认知/看法 → 善于观察的 | Separate action, interpretation and quality. |
| persuade | persuasion, persuasive | 说服 → 说服过程 → 有说服力的 | Oral and writing purpose. |
| maintain | maintenance | 维持 → 维护 | Machine/system/standard contexts. |
| transform | transformation | 彻底改变 → 转变 | Action vs process/result. |
| preserve | preservation | 保护保存 → 保存过程 | Environment/history contexts. |
| consistent | consistency, inconsistent | 一致 → 一致性 → 不一致 | Evidence/data and behaviour. |
Collocation 自然搭配:中文意思对,不代表英文自然
| Target | Natural English | 双语提醒 |
|---|---|---|
| conclusion | draw / reach a conclusion | 不要逐字翻成 “do a conclusion” |
| evidence | relevant evidence; strong evidence; evidence suggests | 学整块表达,不只学“证据” |
| impact | have an impact on; significant impact | 注意介词与常见搭配 |
| perspective | from her perspective; a different perspective | 不是简单等于 “opinion” |
| decision | make a decision; informed decision | 英语使用 make |
| contribute | contribute to; make a contribution | 注意 to |
| reassure | reassure someone; reassuring explanation | 不等于保证一定没事 |
| maintain | maintain standards; maintain balance | 适合“持续维持状态” |
翻译撤离梯度 | Translation Fade Ladder
中文支援应该随着英文控制增强而减少,而不是一次突然取消。
| Level | Support | Mastery evidence |
|---|---|---|
| L1 中文+英文 | 中文入口 + simple English meaning | 孩子知道基本概念 |
| L2 中文提示→英文回答 | 问题可有中文,但答案用英文词 | 英文词开始成为检索目标 |
| L3 English meaning only | 不再给中文释义 | 能从英文定义/语境找回单词 |
| L4 English Fence | 两个英语近义词比较 | 能用英文解释边界 |
| L5 Delayed retrieval | 几天后无中文提示 | 长期检索成功 |
| L6 Transfer | 新阅读/口语/作文/学科任务 | 不提示目标词也能选择或理解 |
20分钟双语 Vocabulary Routine
| 时间 | 任务 |
|---|---|
| 0–3 min | 无中文提示,检索3个旧词。 |
| 3–6 min | 用中文快速打开2个新概念,再给simple English meaning。 |
| 6–9 min | 做一个英文 Fence:为什么A比B更准确? |
| 9–12 min | 建立1个词族 + 2个自然搭配。 |
| 12–15 min | 英文context-clue任务;先推断,再查证。 |
| 15–18 min | 口语或短段落迁移;不要给目标词表。 |
| 18–20 min | 关掉笔记,用英文说meaning + Fence + fresh example。 |
如果孩子必须不断回到中文才找得到英文词,说明英文检索还没有稳固。此时应该增加无提示检索,而不是继续加更多新词。
阅读 Reading:中文帮助进入概念,证据问题用英文完成
- 第一次遇到抽象词,可以用中文确认大概概念。
- 第二步马上回到英文:Which words in the passage support this meaning?
- 区分 explicit / implicit / ambiguous:直接写出、由线索推断、仍然存在多种可能。
- 要求孩子找 relevant evidence,不要把所有细节都当证据。
- 遇到 perspective 或 viewpoint,先说明是谁的角度,再说证据。
- 最后用英文解释,不要把整段阅读理解翻译成中文再作答。
作文 Writing:可以双语构思,但英文必须自然生成
孩子可以先用中文确认“我真正想表达的概念是什么”,但最后的英文不能靠逐字翻译。
| Writing job | 双语思考 | English control |
|---|---|---|
| Character | 人物到底是不愿意、害怕,还是谨慎? | reluctant / anxious / cautious |
| Action | 动作是突然、快速、还是仔细? | dart / hurry / inspect / observe |
| Evidence | 哪个细节真的支持人物判断? | relevant evidence / clue |
| Change | 只是调整、修复,还是彻底改变? | adjust / restore / transform |
| Cohesion | 句子关系是原因、结果、对比还是让步? | because / consequently / however / although |
防止中式直译: 不要只问“这个中文词英文怎么说?”先问“我在这个句子里真正要表达哪一种意思?”然后从英文语义网络中选择。
口语 Oral:从中英混合思考走向英文解释
- L1: “我觉得是 reluctant,因为他不太愿意。”
- L2: “I think reluctant fits because he does not want to act yet.”
- L3: “Reluctant is better than cautious because the problem is willingness, not risk.”
最终目标不是禁止中文,而是让孩子能够在需要时直接用英文解释、比较和证明自己的词汇选择。
跨学科 Transfer:把英语词汇带进Science、Maths与Project Work
| Task | Useful English | 中文入口问题 |
|---|---|---|
| Science investigation | observe, factor, evidence, predict, verify | 我们观察到什么?哪个条件影响结果? |
| Maths word problem | relevant, estimate, determine, compare | 哪些资料真的需要? |
| Project discussion | perspective, recommend, support, alternative | 不同人怎么看?建议有什么理由? |
| Reading comprehension | infer, explicit, implicit, credible | 文章直接说什么?暗示什么? |
| Composition | motive, atmosphere, consequence, reluctant | 人物为什么做?场景给什么感觉? |
AI双语练习:让AI制造变化,不要让AI替孩子回答
- 可以要求AI生成中英对照的第一轮例子,但第二轮把中文提示拿掉。
- 让AI出 near-neighbour Fencing 题,让孩子先答,再看解释。
- 让AI把同一个词放进Science、oral、composition三个不同任务。
- 让AI制造“看似正确但其实误用”的句子,由孩子找错。
- 不要把孩子的作文交给AI重写后,就认为这些高级词是孩子自己的productive vocabulary。
- AI生成的定义、事实与例句需要在重要时核实;流畅不等于正确。
给家长:什么时候该用中文,什么时候该撤掉?
| 孩子状态 | 家长做法 |
|---|---|
| 英文概念完全不懂 | 用简短中文快速打开概念,再回英文。 |
| 懂中文意思,但找不到英文词 | 减少翻译,增加中文提示→英文检索。 |
| 英文词认得,但近义词混淆 | 不用继续翻译,改做英文Fencing。 |
| 会做选择题,但自己说不出 | 隐藏选项,做delayed retrieval。 |
| 会说单词,但写作不自然 | 练collocation、register和paragraph transfer。 |
| 已经能英文解释和迁移 | 中文退到必要时才使用;进入更广阅读。 |
不要要求孩子把每一个英语词都翻成中文。对一些已经能直接用英文理解的词,强制翻译反而可能增加不必要的中介步骤。
双语 Mastery Ledger
| Stage | Evidence |
|---|---|
| 1 — 中文入口 | 知道概念大意。 |
| 2 — English meaning | 能用简单英文解释。 |
| 3 — Fence | 能用英文区分近义词。 |
| 4 — Family & collocation | 能选正确词形和自然搭配。 |
| 5 — English-only retrieval | 延迟后不用中文提示也能找回。 |
| 6 — Transfer | 能在新阅读、口语、写作或学科任务中正确使用/理解。 |
Primary 4 双语路线 | Connected Routes
- Primary 4 Coverage & Diagnostic Map — 先找出弱点。
- Primary 4 Foundation & Repair — 基础不稳时先修复。
- Primary 4 Intermediate — 进入nuance/context/evidence。
- Protected Primary 4 Advanced 100 — 高阶深度词汇owner。
- Primary 4 Expansion 200 — 深度稳固后扩大breadth。
- Primary 4 Vocabulary Practice with AI — 生成练习变化。
- Grade 4 International Crosswalk — 海外Grade 4资料对照。
- Primary 5 Advanced Vocabulary — P4迁移稳定后的下一阶段。
Sources & Evidence Base
- Singapore MOE — English Language Syllabus 2020, Primary
- Sun & Curdt-Christiansen — morphological awareness, vocabulary and reading comprehension in Singapore Primary 3 bilingual children
- Reading Rockets — Teaching Vocabulary
- eduKate — Vocabulary Learning with the Fencing Method
旧版词表与资源继续保留在下方
原有的100词中英双语表、分类词汇、学习方法和历史资源全部保留在下方,作为额外breadth与旧版学习档案。上面的当前双语学习层负责定义今天的教学原则:中文帮助进入概念,英文负责最终的辨析、检索与迁移。
为什么四年级词汇很重要?
小学四年级是孩子英语学习的“爬坡期”。在这个阶段,学生不再只停留在“认识单词”,而是需要用单词来阅读说明文、写小短文、做口头表达。
MOE目前并没有公布一个全新加坡统一的“Primary 4 必背900–1100词”官方配额。小学英语课程标准强调在听、说、读、写、看与呈现中发展词汇与语言能力。因此本页的100词是教学入口和练习资源,不是MOE官方指定清单。
👉 想要查看小学 1–6 年级的总表,请访问 EduKate Vocabulary Lists。
小学四年级英语词汇示例
以下是部分四年级核心词汇示例:
- library 图书馆
- subject 科目
- science 科学
- history 历史
- dictionary 字典
- environment 环境
- culture 文化
- festival 节日
- problem 问题
- answer 回答
- reason 原因
- exercise 锻炼
- healthy 健康的
- travel 旅行
- future 未来
📌 获取完整的分年级清单,请点击 Primary 4 Word Bank。
高频词汇 (Primary 4 High-Frequency Words)
四年级开始,逻辑词和过渡词更重要:
- first, next, then, finally
- because, since, although, however
- always, often, sometimes, never
- important, useful, dangerous, safe
- quickly, slowly, carefully, happily
更多完整的高频分类,请参考 EduKate High-Frequency Vocabulary。
分类主题词汇
四年级学习的主题更广,建议分门别类:
- 学科 (Subjects): English, Mathematics, Science, History, Art
- 自然 (Nature): mountain, river, forest, desert, weather
- 健康 (Health): exercise, food, sleep, medicine, doctor
- 文化 (Culture): festival, tradition, culture, language
- 旅行 (Travel): bus, train, airport, journey, country
👉 查看更多分类内容,请点击 Vocabulary Categories。
旧版100词中英双语词表 | Legacy 100-Word Bilingual Bank
| 类别 (Category) | 单词 (Word) | 中文释义 | 新加坡本地例句 (Example Sentence) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 学校 School | classroom | 教室 | Our classroom is on the third floor. |
| subject | 科目 | English is my favourite subject. | |
| homework | 作业 | I always do my homework after dinner. | |
| teacher | 老师 | My teacher explains Maths clearly. | |
| student | 学生 | Each student has a laptop in school. | |
| recess | 课间休息 | We buy food during recess at the canteen. | |
| canteen | 食堂 | The school canteen sells noodles and rice. | |
| assembly | 集会 | We sing the National Anthem at assembly. | |
| library | 图书馆 | The library has many English storybooks. | |
| project | 项目 | We are working on a science project together. | |
| 食物 Food | rice | 米饭 | Rice is a common food in Singapore. |
| noodles | 面条 | I ate fishball noodles for lunch. | |
| chicken rice | 鸡饭 | Chicken rice is a famous local dish. | |
| laksa | 叻沙 | My parents enjoy spicy laksa. | |
| satay | 沙爹 | We ate satay at the hawker centre. | |
| kopi | 咖啡(本地叫法) | Dad drinks kopi every morning. | |
| teh tarik | 拉茶 | Teh tarik is a popular Singapore drink. | |
| roti prata | 印度煎饼 | We had roti prata for breakfast. | |
| curry | 咖喱 | The curry is spicy but tasty. | |
| hawker | 小贩 | We often eat dinner at a hawker centre. | |
| 节日 Festivals | Chinese New Year | 春节 | We visit relatives during Chinese New Year. |
| Hari Raya | 开斋节 | Hari Raya is celebrated with family and friends. | |
| Deepavali | 屠妖节 | Little India is beautiful during Deepavali. | |
| National Day | 国庆日 | We watch fireworks on National Day. | |
| Mid-Autumn | 中秋节 | We eat mooncakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival. | |
| Vesak Day | 卫塞节 | Vesak Day is an important Buddhist festival. | |
| Good Friday | 耶稣受难日 | Churches hold services on Good Friday. | |
| Christmas | 圣诞节 | Orchard Road is full of lights at Christmas. | |
| Lantern | 灯笼 | Children carry lanterns in Chinatown. | |
| parade | 游行 | We watched the National Day Parade. | |
| 地点 Places | MRT | 地铁 | We take the MRT to school every day. |
| bus stop | 公交站 | The bus stop is near my house. | |
| park | 公园 | We jog at the park every weekend. | |
| playground | 游乐场 | Kids play at the playground after school. | |
| museum | 博物馆 | We visited the Singapore Science Centre museum. | |
| market | 市场 | Grandma buys vegetables at the wet market. | |
| shopping mall | 商场 | VivoCity is the largest shopping mall in Singapore. | |
| library | 图书馆 | The National Library has English storybooks. | |
| zoo | 动物园 | The Singapore Zoo has white tigers. | |
| Sentosa | 圣淘沙 | We go to Sentosa to play at the beach. | |
| 自然 Nature | tree | 树 | There are many trees along the road. |
| flower | 花 | Gardens by the Bay has many flowers. | |
| rain | 雨 | It rains almost every afternoon. | |
| sun | 太阳 | The sun is very hot in Singapore. | |
| cloud | 云 | Dark clouds mean it will rain soon. | |
| rainbow | 彩虹 | We saw a rainbow after the rain. | |
| sea | 海 | East Coast Park is near the sea. | |
| beach | 海滩 | We built sandcastles on the beach. | |
| river | 河流 | The Singapore River is famous for its history. | |
| garden | 花园 | The Botanic Gardens is a UNESCO site. | |
| 健康 Health | doctor | 医生 | I visited the doctor when I was sick. |
| nurse | 护士 | The nurse checked my temperature. | |
| clinic | 诊所 | The clinic is just opposite the MRT. | |
| hospital | 医院 | Singapore General Hospital is very big. | |
| exercise | 锻炼 | We exercise at the park every week. | |
| healthy | 健康的 | Eating fruits is healthy. | |
| medicine | 药 | The doctor gave me some medicine. | |
| fever | 发烧 | I stayed home because of a fever. | |
| strong | 强壮 | Swimming makes us strong. | |
| sleep | 睡觉 | Children need enough sleep every night. | |
| 科技 Technology | computer | 电脑 | We use a computer for school projects. |
| laptop | 笔记本电脑 | Each student has a laptop in class. | |
| internet | 网络 | The internet helps us learn new things. | |
| 电子邮件 | I sent an email to my teacher. | ||
| phone | 手机 | Mum called me on the phone. | |
| tablet | 平板电脑 | I read e-books on my tablet. | |
| app | 应用程序 | I use an app to learn English words. | |
| online | 在线 | We had online classes during COVID-19. | |
| robot | 机器人 | The robot cleans the floor. | |
| science | 科学 | Science lessons are interesting in school. |
四年级词汇学习方法
- 课文结合:将单词与课本故事、说明文联系记忆。
- 作文应用:每周写 100–120 词作文,运用新学词汇。
- 词汇表复习:每天 15–20 个单词,采用间隔重复法。
- 阅读拓展:推荐英语分级读物,尤其是科普类和故事类。
- 口语训练:通过 EduKate Vocabulary MP3 跟读,提升语音与语调。
下载资源
📥 家长和学生可以下载:
- 小学四年级词汇 PDF(含释义与例句)
- 听写 MP3 包(每日复习 15–20 个词)
- Flashcards 模板(分类单词卡片,便于记忆)
👉 点击进入 EduKate Vocabulary Hub 获取全部资源。
常见问题 (FAQ)
Q1: 四年级一定要背多少个单词?
A: 没有一个MOE全国统一的“P4必背词数”配额。更重要的是孩子能否理解、辨析、检索,并在新语境中准确使用词汇。
Q2: 如何让孩子记住抽象单词?
A: 用例句和语境记忆,如 “The environment is important for our life.”
Q3: 四年级作文一定要写多少词?
A: 不应把一个固定字数当作全新加坡统一要求。以学校和具体任务指示为准;训练时更重要的是内容完整、句子清楚、词汇准确与段落连贯。
Q4: 四年级的单词和五年级衔接吗?
A: 是的,四年级学习的健康、环境、文化词汇,会在五年级作文和阅读中反复出现。
结语
四年级是孩子英语学习的重要阶段,词汇量的积累直接决定了他们能否顺利过渡到高年级。通过科学的分类记忆、作文实践和口语训练,孩子不仅能记住单词,更能学会灵活运用。
👉 下一步,请继续学习 小学五年级英语必背单词表,为进入高年级打好基础。
🔗 Start Here: The eduKate Vocabulary Learning System™
If you want to understand how English ability actually grows from Primary school to O-Levels, and why many students plateau even after “studying hard”, start with our full system architecture here:
👉 The eduKate Vocabulary Learning System™ – How English Ability Actually Grows from PSLE to O-Levels
https://edukatesingapore.com/edukate-vocabulary-learning-system/
This page explains:
- what vocabulary really is (as a cognitive system),
- why rote memorisation fails,
- how the Fencing Method builds usable sentence control,
- how Metcalfe’s Law and S-curve learning grow vocabulary exponentially,
- and how parents can structure home training that actually works.
Supporting System Pages
To deepen your child’s vocabulary foundation, you may also explore:
👉 First Principles of Vocabulary – What Vocabulary Really Is
https://edukatesingapore.com/first-principles-of-vocabulary/
👉 Vocabulary Learning with the Fencing Method
https://edukatesingapore.com/vocabulary-learning-the-fencing-method/
👉 How to Learn Complex Sentence Structure for PSLE English (Fencing Method)
https://edukatesingapore.com/how-to-learn-complex-sentence-structure-for-psle-english-fencing-method/
👉 Vocabulary Lists for Primary to Secondary Students
https://edukatesingapore.com/2023/03/12/vocabulary-lists/
👉 Comprehensive Guide to Secondary English Vocabulary
https://edukatesingapore.com/comprehensive-guide-to-secondary-english-vocabulary/
eduKate Learning Umbrella (Our Full Education Architecture)
For parents who wish to understand eduKate’s full learning philosophy across English, Mathematics and exam mastery:
👉 Our Approach to Learning (eduKateSG)
https://edukatesg.com/our-approach-to-learning/
👉 The eduKate Learning System™ (All Subjects)
https://edukatesg.com/the-edukate-learning-system/
👉 The eduKate Mathematics Learning System™
https://edukatesg.com/the-edukate-mathematics-learning-system/

